Famous Signatures Through History

40 points by elliotbnvl 8 hours ago on hackernews | 30 comments

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Famous Signatures Through History

John Hancock's signature

John Hancock 1776

Signed the Declaration of Independence so large that "John Hancock" became American slang for "signature." Legend says he wanted King George III to read it without spectacles.

William Shakespeare's signature

William Shakespeare c. 1616

Only six confirmed signatures survive — all on legal documents, with the surname spelled differently almost every time. Variations include "Shakp," "Shakspe," and "Shakspeare."

Napoleon Bonaparte's signature

Napoleon Bonaparte c. 1804

His signature visibly deteriorated over his career — from a bold "Bonaparte" during triumphs to a childlike scrawl during his final exile on Saint Helena.

George Washington's signature

George Washington 1787

His signed copy of the Constitution sold for $9.8 million in 2012 — the most expensive autograph ever sold at auction.

Salvador Dalí's signature

Salvador Dalí c. 1970

Reportedly signed thousands of blank sheets, contributing to a massive forgery problem. Some estimates claim up to 350,000 sheets, though the exact number is disputed. Fake Dalí art remains rampant to this day.

Queen Elizabeth I's signature

Elizabeth I c. 1580

Her enormous, elaborately flourished "Elizabeth R" could span several inches. The ornate complexity also served as an early anti-forgery measure.

Albert Einstein's signature

Albert Einstein c. 1935

His autograph is among the most forged in history. Authentic ones sell for $20,000–$75,000, and he reportedly charged $1 per autograph for charity in the 1930s.

Nikola Tesla's signature

Nikola Tesla 1900

Tesla's elegant, slanted script reflected his meticulous nature. He held around 300 patents worldwide and voluntarily released Westinghouse from a royalty contract that could have been worth millions.

Charles Darwin's signature

Charles Darwin c. 1859

His handwriting deteriorated over decades of chronic illness. Darwin exchanged over 15,000 letters with some 2,000 correspondents worldwide — one of the richest scientific correspondences ever preserved.

Marie Curie's signature

Marie Curie c. 1911

She coined the term "radioactive" — and her personal papers are still so radioactive they must be kept in lead-lined boxes. Visitors to France's Bibliothèque nationale must sign a liability waiver to view them.

Galileo Galilei's signature

Galileo Galilei c. 1620

Surnames were optional in Renaissance Italy, though Galileo signed both "Galileo" and "Galileo Galilei" on various documents. His manuscripts now reside in Florence's National Central Library.

Isaac Newton's signature

Isaac Newton c. 1700

As Warden and later Master of the Royal Mint, Newton personally prosecuted counterfeiters — conducting over 100 cross-examinations and sending 28 to the gallows.

Thomas Edison's signature

Thomas Edison c. 1900

Held 1,093 US patents — a record that stood for over 70 years. Edison's archive comprises some 5 million pages, with Rutgers University's ongoing project making key documents available online.

Alexander Graham Bell's signature

Alexander Graham Bell c. 1880

Bell's telephone patent — filed on Valentine's Day 1876 — is considered the most valuable patent ever issued. It beat a rival claim by Elisha Gray by mere hours.

Sigmund Freud's signature

Sigmund Freud c. 1920

Graphologists describe his handwriting as passionate and sweeping — full of ink-filled strokes and untamed energy. His prolific correspondence fills thousands of letters across nearly 600 correspondents.

Max Planck's signature

Max Planck c. 1920

The father of quantum theory had a measured, elegant hand. Awarded the 1918 Nobel Prize, Planck's autographs are rare — much of his personal archive was destroyed during the bombing of Berlin in 1944.

Ludwig van Beethoven's signature

Ludwig van Beethoven c. 1815

His increasingly erratic handwriting mirrors his progressive deafness. A single signed letter sold at Heritage Auctions for over $275,000 in 2020.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's signature

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart c. 1785

Mozart's playful signature often included musical flourishes. He composed over 600 works, and a signed manuscript page can fetch over $300,000 at auction.

Frédéric Chopin's signature

Frédéric Chopin c. 1840

His graceful signature matched his delicate compositions. Chopin requested that his heart be removed after death — it's preserved in a pillar of Warsaw's Holy Cross Church.

Johann Sebastian Bach's signature

Johann Sebastian Bach c. 1740

Bach embedded his name musically — B-A-C-H corresponds to B♭-A-C-B♮ in German notation, a motif he wove into his final, unfinished fugue.

Richard Wagner's signature

Richard Wagner c. 1870

Wagner's bold, sweeping autograph matched his larger-than-life personality. He commissioned his own opera house at Bayreuth, built to his exacting vision — still in use today.

Giuseppe Verdi's signature

Giuseppe Verdi c. 1870

His name became an Italian political acronym — "Viva V.E.R.D.I." secretly meant "Viva Vittorio Emanuele Re D'Italia" during the unification movement.

Elvis Presley's signature

Elvis Presley c. 1960

Presley signed thousands of autographs for fans, but his handwriting shifted dramatically from his early career to the 1970s. Authentic signed photos sell for $5,000+.

Pablo Picasso's signature

Pablo Picasso c. 1950

Legend has it he paid for meals by sketching on napkins — though experts consider the story apocryphal. His full baptismal name contains 23 words.

Frida Kahlo's signature

Frida Kahlo c. 1940

Her distinctive handwriting, often in bold strokes, appears in her illustrated diary — now one of the most famous artist journals in history.

Albrecht Dürer's monogram

Albrecht Dürer c. 1500

Popularized the artist's monogram — his iconic "AD" mark became one of the first recognizable artist brands, and he even sued a forger over it.

Mark Twain's signature

Mark Twain c. 1900

"Mark Twain" itself was a signature — a pen name borrowed from Mississippi River jargon meaning "two fathoms deep," safe water for a steamboat.

Charles Dickens's signature

Charles Dickens c. 1860

His flamboyant signature featured elaborate underscoring. Dickens wrote 15 novels, all originally serialized — he was essentially a Victorian showrunner.

Oscar Wilde's signature

Oscar Wilde c. 1890

His flowing, theatrical penmanship matched his personality. Wilde's last words are disputed, but one version has him quipping about the wallpaper in his Paris hotel room.

Edgar Allan Poe's signature

Edgar Allan Poe c. 1845

His small, precise handwriting belied the darkness of his stories. Poe's mother-in-law sold clipped signatures from his letters to make ends meet — making intact autograph letters a prized rarity.

Jane Austen's signature

Jane Austen c. 1817

Her first novel was published anonymously as "By a Lady" — her name never appeared on a title page in her lifetime. Around 160 of her letters survive, but her signature remains a holy grail for collectors.

Lewis Carroll's signature

Lewis Carroll c. 1880

His real name was Charles Dodgson. He was a mathematics lecturer at Oxford who wrote "mirror writing" letters to child friends, readable only in a looking glass.

Ernest Hemingway's signature

Ernest Hemingway c. 1950

Wrote standing up at a chest-high desk every morning. His stripped-down prose style revolutionized American fiction — no word wasted, including in his signature.

Abraham Lincoln's signature

Abraham Lincoln 1863

His signature on the Emancipation Proclamation is one of history's most consequential autographs. After shaking hands for hours at a New Year's reception, he worried a trembling signature would look like doubt — so he signed it bold and firm.

Thomas Jefferson's signature

Thomas Jefferson 1776

He drafted the Declaration but never put "President" on his resume. Jefferson designed his own tombstone listing three achievements — and being leader of a nation wasn't one of them.

Benjamin Franklin's signature

Benjamin Franklin c. 1780

The only Founding Father to sign all four founding documents: the Declaration, the Treaty of Paris, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the Constitution.

Alexander Hamilton's signature

Alexander Hamilton c. 1790

As first Treasury Secretary, his signature appeared on early US currency. His handwriting was famously rapid — he wrote the majority of the Federalist Papers in just six months.

Dwight D. Eisenhower's signature

Dwight D. Eisenhower c. 1953

As Supreme Commander, his signature authorized D-Day. He also drafted a note accepting sole blame in case the invasion failed — then forgot it in his wallet for a month.

Mahatma Gandhi's signature

Mahatma Gandhi c. 1930

Gandhi wrote extensively — his collected works span 100 volumes. He corresponded with Tolstoy, Einstein, and even wrote to Hitler urging peace.

Nelson Mandela's signature

Nelson Mandela c. 1994

His signature became a symbol of freedom itself. During 27 years in prison, Mandela's handwriting remained remarkably steady and composed.

Mao Zedong's signature

Mao Zedong c. 1950

A skilled calligrapher, Mao's brushwork is still displayed across China. His calligraphy for the People's Daily masthead has been used continuously since the paper's founding in 1948.

Che Guevara's signature

Che Guevara c. 1960

As president of Cuba's National Bank, he signed banknotes simply "Che" — a casual gesture of contempt for money itself, consistent with his push to abolish currency entirely.

Simón Bolívar's signature

Simón Bolívar c. 1820

The "Liberator" freed six South American nations from Spanish rule. His sweeping, confident signature reflected his grand ambitions for continental unity.

Queen Victoria's signature

Queen Victoria c. 1880

Reigned for 63 years and signed countless state documents. Her journals span 122 volumes and nearly 70 years — an extraordinary record of the Victorian age.

Otto von Bismarck's signature

Otto von Bismarck c. 1871

The "Iron Chancellor" unified Germany through "blood and iron." His bold, angular signature reflected the decisiveness that reshaped European politics.

Napoleon III's signature

Napoleon III c. 1860

Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, he transformed Paris with wide boulevards and modern sewers. He cultivated his uncle's legacy in all things — even adopting the Napoleonic eagle as his imperial emblem.

Walt Disney's signature

Walt Disney 1942

His stylized signature became the Disney company logo. Ironically, Disney rarely signed with the famous version — employees developed it, and he had trouble replicating it.

Rosa Parks's signature

Rosa Parks c. 1960

Her quiet act of defiance on a Montgomery bus in 1955 catalyzed the civil rights movement. Congress later called her "the first lady of civil rights."

Frederick Douglass's signature

Frederick Douglass c. 1870

Taught himself to read after initial lessons from his enslaver's wife were forbidden, Douglass became the most photographed American of the 19th century — and one of its greatest orators.

Babe Ruth's signature

Babe Ruth c. 1930

His autograph is the most sought-after in sports history. A signed baseball can sell for over $100,000 — yet he's also the most forged name in the hobby, so authentication is everything.

Florence Nightingale's signature

Florence Nightingale c. 1860

The founder of modern nursing was also a pioneering statistician. Her detailed letters and reports — over 12,000 survive — revolutionized hospital sanitation.

Nicolaus Copernicus's signature

Nicolaus Copernicus c. 1530

Legend says he first held a printed copy of his heliocentric theory on the day he died. His signature on church documents is among the few surviving examples.

Rabindranath Tagore's signature

Rabindranath Tagore c. 1920

The first non-European Nobel laureate in literature. He composed the national anthems of two countries — India and Bangladesh.

Karl Marx's signature

Karl Marx c. 1870

His notoriously illegible handwriting drove publishers mad. Engels was often the only person who could decipher his manuscripts for the printer.

Leo Tolstoy's signature

Leo Tolstoy c. 1900

His wife Sophia hand-copied War and Peace seven times as he revised it. Tolstoy renounced his own copyright late in life, wanting his works free for all.

Niccolò Machiavelli's signature

Niccolò Machiavelli c. 1510

The diplomat whose name became synonymous with cunning. "The Prince" was published posthumously — he originally wrote it as a job application to the Medici.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky's signature

Pyotr Tchaikovsky c. 1885

Composed Swan Lake, The Nutcracker, and the 1812 Overture. His prolific correspondence — over 5,000 surviving letters — reveals a deeply sensitive artist.

Camille Saint-Saëns's signature

Camille Saint-Saëns c. 1890

A child prodigy who gave his first concert at age 10. Saint-Saëns forbade public performance of "The Carnival of the Animals" during his lifetime — he thought it too frivolous.

Nikita Khrushchev's signature

Nikita Khrushchev c. 1960

Famous for banging his shoe at the UN (though footage is disputed). As Soviet leader, his signature authorized both the Cuban Missile Crisis and the first human in space.

King Ferdinand VII's signature

Ferdinand VII c. 1820

Spanish kings signed royal decrees "Yo el Rey" — literally "I, the King." Ferdinand VII, Spain's last absolutist monarch, clung to this formula even as constitutional government rose around him.

Lucas Cranach the Elder's winged serpent monogram

Lucas Cranach the Elder 1529

Instead of a signature, Cranach used a winged serpent as his personal mark — granted to him as a coat of arms by Elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony in 1508. His son inherited and continued using it, with lowered wings to distinguish his own work.

Suleiman the Magnificent's tughra

Suleiman the Magnificent c. 1550

Ottoman sultans didn't sign — they used a tughra, an elaborate calligraphic monogram. Suleiman's towering tughra appeared on every imperial decree and is considered one of the most beautiful examples of Islamic calligraphy.

Sitting Bull's pictographic signature

Sitting Bull c. 1880

The Hunkpapa Lakota leader drew a small pictograph of a sitting buffalo as his mark — a literal visual translation of his name. He later learned to write his name in Latin script.

Charlemagne's cross monogram

Charlemagne c. 800

The Emperor of the Romans could likely read but never learned to write. He "signed" documents with a cross-shaped monogram — the letters K-R-L-S (Karolus) at each arm, vowels in the center. A scribe drew the letters; Charlemagne added the cross strokes himself.

Caravaggio's signature

Caravaggio 1600

He almost never signed his work — only one confirmed painting bears his signature: "The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist," where he signed in the painted blood flowing from the saint's neck.

Vlad Dracula's signature

Vlad Dracula c. 1460

The real Dracula signed diplomatic letters in elegant Latin script as "Wladislaus Dragwlya." His surviving correspondence is preserved in Romanian and Hungarian archives.

Michelangelo's signature

Michelangelo c. 1500

He signed only one sculpture — the Pietà — after overhearing someone credit it to a rival. He carved "MICHAELA[N]GELUS BONAROTUS FLORENT[INUS] FACIEBA[T]" across the Madonna's sash in a fit of pride, and reportedly regretted it afterward.

Neil Armstrong's signature

Neil Armstrong c. 1969

Before the Apollo 11 mission, the crew couldn't get life insurance. Instead, they signed hundreds of postal covers so their families could sell the autographs if they didn't return. They all made it back.

Anna May Wong's signature

Anna May Wong c. 1930

The first Chinese-American Hollywood star often signed in both English and Chinese characters. In 2022 she became the first Asian American to appear on US currency — the quarter dollar.

Mata Hari's signature

Mata Hari c. 1910

Born Margaretha Zelle, she invented the exotic stage name "Mata Hari" — Malay for "eye of the day" (the sun). Convicted of espionage in World War I, she reportedly refused a blindfold before her execution by firing squad.

Harry Houdini's signature

Harry Houdini c. 1920

Born Erik Weisz in Budapest, he adopted "Houdini" as a tribute to French magician Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin. He claimed to be born April 6 in Appleton, Wisconsin — but he was actually born March 24 in Budapest, Hungary.

Try your own

How to Design Your Signature

Start by writing your full name in cursive a few times. Don't think about style yet — just get comfortable with the flow of the letters. After a few rounds, you'll notice which letters feel natural to connect and which ones you want to emphasize. Most signatures evolve from here: a stylized version of your actual name, not something invented from scratch.

Pick one letter to anchor the whole thing. Usually it's your first or last initial. Make it a little larger, a little more expressive — that's the letter people's eyes land on first. Everything else can stay loose around it. This focal point is what gives a signature its character.

Now speed up. The best signatures are fast to write. As you practice at speed, you'll naturally start dropping letters, merging strokes, cutting corners. Your signature finds itself this way. The parts you skip become just as distinctive as the parts you keep.

Add one flourish. An underline, a loop on a descender, a swooping tail off the last letter. One is elegant. Two starts looking busy. The flourish also makes your signature harder to forge, since it's a motion that becomes muscle memory for you but is tough for someone else to replicate.

Practice until signing feels automatic — like you're not thinking about individual letters anymore. Fifty repetitions usually gets you there. You'll settle into a natural rhythm, and the slight variations between each one are what make a signature look human rather than mechanical.

One last thing: consider where you'll use it. Legal documents and contracts need a signature that's at least partially legible — someone should be able to connect it to your printed name. For everything else, go as abstract as you want.

Try your own

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Draw your signature on the canvas above using your mouse, finger, or stylus. The pen is velocity-sensitive — move slowly for thick strokes and quickly for thin ones. When you're happy with it, tap PNG or SVG to download. That's it — no account needed.

Is an online signature legally binding?

In most countries, yes. Electronic signatures are legally recognized under laws like the U.S. ESIGN Act and the EU eIDAS regulation for everyday documents — contracts, agreements, forms, and more. For highly regulated documents like wills or real estate transfers, check your local requirements.

How do I add my signature to a PDF?

Export your signature as a transparent PNG, then open your PDF in any editor — Adobe Acrobat, Preview on Mac, or a free tool like Smallpdf. Use the "Add Image" or "Insert Signature" feature to place it on your document. The transparent background means no white box.

What's the best free signature maker?

We're biased, but Signatory is built to do one thing well — let you draw a natural signature and export it instantly. No account, no watermark, no upsell. Most alternatives are SaaS funnels that gate features behind paid plans.

How do I draw my signature on my phone?

Open Signatory in your phone's browser and turn your phone sideways for a wider canvas. Draw with your finger or stylus — the pen is pressure- and velocity-sensitive, so it feels natural. Tap Save to download, or Share on mobile to send it directly.